लगातार गिरावट के बाद शिशु मृत्यु दर (आईएमआर), पांच वर्ष से कम शिशु की मृत्य दर (यू5एमआर) और नवजात मृत्य दर (एनएमआर) में और गिरावट आई
केंद्रित कार्यक्रमों, मजबूत केन्द्र-राज्य साझेदारी और स्वास्थ्य कर्मियों के समर्पण के साथ माननीय प्रधानमंत्री के नेतृत्व में भारत शिशु मृत्यु दर के एसडीजी 2030 लक्ष्य प्राप्ति के लिए तैयार : डॉ. मनसुख मांडविया
भारत को शिशु मृत्यु दर और अधिक कम करने में महत्वपूर्ण उपलब्धि मिली है। रजिस्ट्रार जनरल ऑफ इंडिया (आरजीआई) द्वारा 22 सितंबर 2022 को जारी नमूना पंजीकरण प्रणाली (एसआरएस) सांख्यिकी रिपोर्ट 2020 के अनुसार देश में 2014 से आईएमआर, यू5एमआर और एनएमआर में कमी आई है और देश 2030 तक सतत विकास लक्ष्य (एसडीजी) प्राप्त करने की दिशा में है।
केंद्रीय स्वास्थ्य और परिवार कल्याण मंत्री डॉ. मनसुख मांडविया ने इस उपलब्धि पर देश को बधाई दी और सभी स्वास्थ्यकर्मियों, सेवा करने वाले लोगों तथा समुदाय के सदस्यों को शिशु मृत्यु दर कम करने में अथक कार्य करने के लिए धन्यवाद दिया। उन्होंने कहा- “एसआरएस 2020 ने 2014 से शिशु मृत्यु दर में लगातार गिरावट दिखाई है। भारत केन्द्रित कार्यक्रमों, मजबूत केंद्र-राज्य साझेदारी तथा सभी स्वास्थ्यकर्मियों के समर्पण से माननीय प्रधानमंत्री नरेन्द्र मोदी जी के नेतृत्व में शिशु मृत्यु दर के 2030 एसडीजी लक्ष्यों को प्राप्त करने के लिए तैयार है।”
| संकेतक | एसआरएस 2014 | एसआरएस 2019 | एसआरएस 2020 |
| अशोधित जन्म दर (सीबीआर) | 21.0 | 19.7 | 19.5 |
| कुल प्रजनन दर | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.0 |
| प्रारंभिक नवजात मृत्यु दर (ईएनएमआर) – 0- 7 दिन | 20 | 16 | 15 |
| नवजात मृत्यु दर (एनएमआर) | 26 | 22 | 20 |
| शिशु मृत्यु दर (आईएमआर) | 39 | 30 | 28 |
| 5 वर्ष से कम बच्चों की मृत्यु दर (यू5एमआर) | 45 | 35 | 32 |
लगातार गिरावट के बाद आईएमआर, यू5एमआर और एनएमआर में और भी कमी आई है।
देश में पांच वर्ष से कम उम्र के शिशुओं की मृत्यु दर (यू5एमआर) में 2019 से तीन अंकों की (वार्षिक कमी दर 8.6 प्रतिशत) (2019 में प्रति 1,000 जीवित जन्म 35 प्रतिशत की तूलना में 2020 में 32 प्रति 1,000 जीवित जन्म)। इसमें ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों के 36 से शहरी क्षेत्रों में 21 तक का अंतर है।
- बालिकाओं के लिए यू5एमआर बालक (31) की तुलना में अधिक (33) है।
- यू5एमआर में सबसे ज्यादा गिरावट उत्तर प्रदेश (5 अंक) तथा कर्नाटक (5अंक) में देखने को मिली है।
- शिशु मृत्यु दर (आईएमआर) में भी 2019 में प्रति 1000 जीवित जन्मों में 30 से 2020 में प्रति 1000 जीवित जन्मों में 28 के साथ 2 अंकों की गिरावट दर्ज की है (वार्षिक गिरावट दर: 6.7 प्रतिशत)।
o ग्रामीण-शहरी अंतर सीमित होकर 12 अंकों पर आ गया है। (शहरी 19, ग्रामीण -31)
o 2020 में कोई लैंगिक भेद नहीं देखा गया (पुरुष -28, महिला – 28)
- नवजात मृत्यु दर भी दो अंकों की गिरावट आई है। यह 2019 में प्रति 1000 जीवित जन्मों में 22 थी जो 2020 में प्रति 1000 जीवित जन्मों में 20 हो गई। (वार्षिक गिरावट दर: 9.1 प्रतिशत)। यह शहरी क्षेत्रों में 12 से लेकर ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में 23 तक है।
एसआरएस 2020 रिपोर्ट के अनुसार
- छह (6) राज्यों/केंद्र शासित प्रदेशों ने पहले ही एनएमआर (<=12 2030 तक) का एसडीजी लक्ष्य प्राप्त कर लिया है: केरल (4), दिल्ली (9), तमिलनाडु (9), महाराष्ट्र (11), जम्मू और कश्मीर (12) और पंजाब (12)
- ग्यारह (11) राज्यों/केंद्र शासित प्रदेशों ने पहले ही यू5एमआर (<=25 तक 2030) का एसडीजी लक्ष्य प्राप्त कर लिया है: केरल (8), तमिलनाडु (13), दिल्ली (14), महाराष्ट्र (18), जम्मू-कश्मीर (17), कर्नाटक ( 21), पंजाब (22), पश्चिम बंगाल (22), तेलंगाना (23), गुजरात (24), और हिमाचल प्रदेश (24)
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